江语晨
发表于8分钟前
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:Frank Lloyd Wright is America's greatest-ever architect. However, few people know about the Welsh roots that shaped his life and world-famous buildings. Now, leading Welsh architect Jonathan Adams sets off across America to explore Frank Lloyd Wright's masterpieces for himself. Along the way, he uncovers the tempestuous life story of the man behind them and the significance of his radical family background.In a career spanning seven decades, Frank Lloyd Wright built over 500 buildings, and changed the face of modern architecture: Fallingwater, the house over the waterfall, has been called the greatest house of the 20th century; the spiralling Guggenheim Museum in New York reinvented the art museum; the concrete Unity Temple was the first truly modern building in the world. But the underlying philosophy that links all Wright's buildings is as important as anything he built.Those ideas were rooted in the Unitarian religion of Frank Lloyd Wright's mother. Anna Lloyd Jones was born and raised near Llandysul in west Wales and migrated to America with her family in 1844, most likely to escape religious persecution. Her son, Frank, was raised in a Unitarian community in Wisconsin, a small piece of Wales in America. The values he absorbed there were based on the sanctity of nature, the importance of hard work, and the need to question convention and defy it where necessary. Wright's architecture was shaped by, and expressed, these beliefs.Frank Lloyd Wright set out to create a new American architecture for a new country. He built his own lifelong home in the valley he was raised in, and he named it after an ancient Welsh bard called Taliesin. It was the scene of many adventures - and a horrific crime. In 1914, a servant at Taliesin ran amok and killed seven people including Wright's partner, Mamah Cheney, and her two young children.Wright rebuilt his home and went on to marry a Montenegrin woman, Olgivanna Milanoff, some 30 years younger than him. It was Olgivanna who struck upon the idea that saved Wright's career after the Wall Street Crash and personal scandal laid it low. She decided that her husband should take on apprentices and that the apprentices should pay for the privilege. The Taliesin Fellowship had a hands-on approach, with apprentices often building extensions to Wright's own houses, labouring and cooking for him. Somehow it worked, lasting for decades and nurturing hundreds of young talents.Frank Lloyd Wright died in 1959 aged 91 while working on his final masterpiece, New York's incomparable Guggenheim Museum. He had been born in the wake of the American civil war, the son of a pioneer, and died a television celebrity, in the space age. He is buried in the shadow of Taliesin, alongside his Welsh ancestors.A 150 years after his birth, Jonathan Adams argues that Frank Lloyd Wright is now a vitally important figure who can teach us how to build for a better world. Wright believed in what he called organic architecture; buildings that grace the landscape, express an idea of how to live and respond to individual needs. This bespoke approach - a philosophy, not a style - puts him at the heart of modern architectural thinking.
陈淑芳
发表于4分钟前
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:故事发生在1982年。退休建筑工人葛全德师傅倡议组建了街道知青建筑队,又带领青年们承包了一座居民住宅楼的修建任务。市公安局局长的二儿子高振武和他的铁哥们儿小胡子等人也在这个建筑队工作。这些人流氓成性,整天惹事生非,经常不上班,发工资的时候倒一个都不少来。因没完成承包定额,队里决定每人少发五元,高振武一伙又大闹起来。葛师傅实在气急了,仗着自己有一身好武艺,他狠狠地把这些家伙教训了一顿。葛全德一家四口,老伴儿善良、贤慧。儿子玉龙诚实、耿直,在酱油厂当工人。"文革"中,原商业局局长许维昌下放到他们厂"改造",因干重活,病倒在地,玉龙不避嫌疑将他送到医院抢救。于是,玉龙与许局长的女儿许晶晶相识,他们成了挚友。后来许维昌父女去了干校,玉龙与晶晶分别多年。如今,许维昌官复原职,父女又回到这个城市,玉龙和晶晶确定了爱情关系。好景不长,玉龙的朋友看见晶晶最近经常和一个"小白脸"男人进出高级宾馆,立即报知玉龙。玉龙追到宾馆,看见晶晶和那男人竟然同住一室,气得差点儿昏过去。他痛苦地离开宾馆,来到海边徘徊。原来,许晶晶随父亲回城后,当上了市歌舞团的报幕员。由于爱慕虚荣,想当电影演员,上了那个"小白脸"的圈套。那人叫戴征,是本市戴市长的二儿子,他玩弄女人,投机倒把,无所不为。他冒充电影导演,诱奸了晶晶。晶晶有苦难言,无奈只得中断了与玉龙的爱情,委身于戴征。婚后没多久,戴征又勾引上另一个女人,同时还纠集团伙大搞走私等违法勾当。晶晶和他离了婚,又回到父亲身边。许局长理解女儿的痛苦,知道他仍然爱着玉龙,真心希望他们重新和好。玉龙的妹妹葛秀娟待业一年多,刚刚分配到商业局托儿所工作。过去,高振武曾拦路调戏过她。这一天,高和小胡子到托儿所偷东西,在院子里又和她相遇。高振武对秀娟污言秽语,欲施无礼。托儿所所长和老师们闻声出来,所长一面阻拦,一面训斥,小胡子用匕首将老所长刺成重伤,一秋人趁乱而逃。戴市长的大儿子戴寻是个诚实、正派的中年知识分子。妻子是公安局长的女儿是个仗义执言,敢于抵制不正之风的记者,后因车祸死去。戴寻的小女儿得到托儿所葛秀娟阿姨无微不至的关怀,戴寻也逐渐地和秀娟产生了爱慕之情。戴市长和高局长都是秉公无私的好干部,当他们得知自己的儿子背着他们干了许多坏事时,果断地下令逮捕了戴征和高振武这两个败类,平了民愤。